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Swede

Brassica napus Napobrassica Group

INTRODUCTION

Swede, also known as Rutabagas, is grown as a root crop (although technically a Brassica) and has similar requirements to Turnips. Although a fairly long term crop, Swedes make excellent winter vegetables and are extremely hardy.

Arriving in Britain in 1755, it was initially used as winter fodder for cattle but soon became a staple winter food in the kitchen.

Easy to grow, relatively problem-free, and make a good accompaniment to any wintertime meal.

Soil Preparation

Swede prefers a light, fertile, moisture-retentive but well-drained soil.

The growing area should be open, sunny and with firm soil.

The addition of garden lime may be required to maintain a soil pH of around 6.8.

Do not grow in a freshly manured site as this addition of excess nitrogen can cause excessive foliage growth. Manure ground well in advance of planting.

Swede prefers compact soil, so do not over cultivate during soil preparation.

Sowing & Planting

Prepare the seedbed by removing any weed from the soil and rake level to a fine tilth.

Swedes are a long term crop and sowings should be made from early spring when weather permits.

Sow directly into the soil by taking out a drill (shallow groove) and sow seed thinly.

Cover seed to a depth of 2cm and leave at least 45cm (12 inches) between rows. 

Growing & General Cultivation

When Swede seedlings are large enough to handle, thin out to about 30cm (12 inches) to enable roots to reach their full potential. Closer thinning will result in smaller roots. 

Keep growing area weed-free.

Swede requires regular watering to ensure consistent unchecked growth. Dry soil will result in stunted growth and split roots.

Mulch developing plants if possible. Feeding should not be necessary.

Pests & Diseases

Swede in general is an easy crop to produce but occasionally you may encounter the odd issue.

As part of the Brassica family, Swede tends to share similar pests and diseases.

Flea Beetle can cause foliage damage which if severe can cause a check to growth. Cover with a fly-proof net to prevent an attack if required.

Clubroot, a soil-borne fungal disease, affects all Brassicas which causes swelling and distortion of roots. It results in poor plant growth and subsequent loss of harvest.

Avoid using ground previously used for brassica crops and ensure correct soil pH (6.8). Add garden lime as required. Resistant varieties are available. 

Powdery Mildew may affect foliage and cause stunted growth. Ensure crops do not dry out.

Harvesting

Harvesting can begin during autumn.

Swedes are incredibly hardy and can be left in the soil until needed.

Do not leave in the ground any later than mid-winter, the roots can become woody and unpalatable.

As an alternative, lift roots with their tops removed and store them in peat in a frost-free environment such as a shed or garage.

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