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Soya Beans

Glycine max

INTRODUCTION

Soya Beans, also known as Edamame or simply Soy, are one of the most nutritious vegetables, an excellent source of protein and virtually fat-free.

Originating in East Asia and arriving in Europe during the 17th century, they're not the most productive of beans grown in the UK but are well worth a try, especially with new varieties.

Traditionally a warm-weather crop, newer cultivars are more suited to the UK climate. The beans can be eaten fresh or dried for long term storage.

Soil Preparation

Soya Beans require well-drained, moderately fertile soil preferably in a sheltered position away from prevailing winds.

Prepare the ground by incorporating well-rotted manure or garden compost into the soil.

Soya Beans are a warm-weather crop so a sunny position is essential.

If you have space in a polytunnel, this crop will thank you for it.

Sowing & Planting

Start plants off by sowing 1-2 seeds into a 9cm pot or module tray during late May in the greenhouse or polytunnel.

Direct sowing can be made outside straight into the soil but the soil temperature must be above 12oc. Use fleece or cloches to warm the soil.

Direct sow at a depth of 5cm (2 inches) with 15cm (6 inches) between seeds and 45cm (18 inches) between rows.

Soya Beans are not frost hardy and all risk of frost should pass before sowing or planting.

Growing & General Cultivation

Keep plants weed-free by regular hoeing but ensure plant bases are not loosened.

During dry weather, water plants well to keep growth and flowering active.

If the ground has been previously well manured, further feeding should not be necessary.

Mulch plants to conserve moisture.

Plants can grow to a height of 1m, on exposed sites, supports may be necessary.

Pests & Diseases

With some attention to detail, Soya Beans are pretty trouble-free.

Downy Mildew which shows as yellow patches on foliage and affected leaves should be removed. To prevent, ensure good air circulation and low humidity.

Foot and Root Rot can be a problem if the crop is too wet. Ensure adequate drainage.

Anthracnose causes discolouration of foliage, stems and pods. In severe cases, it can kill the entire plant. There is no chemical control available to the home gardener. Remove affected foliage/plants and do not keep seed.