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Endive

Cichorium endivia

INTRODUCTION

Endive is a popular vegetable subject in many Mediterranean countries and is gaining popularity in this country.

It is a compact lettuce-like plant with many similarities to lettuce but with a far more bitter flavour and is generally, more hardy.

It is available as a curly endive commonly known as frisée or escarole, a more broad-leaved type. All varieties of endive make useful additions to any salad.

Soil Preparation

Endive is not a fussy crop.

The growing site should be in a sunny position with organic material added well in advance of planting out.

The ground should be light, fertile, free-draining but moisture-retentive and stone-free.

Some shade is acceptable in the height of summer.

As an alternative, endive can be produced very successfully in large containers filled with compost.

Sowing & Planting

Do not be tempted to sow endive too early in the season, as the plant may bolt prematurely and run to flower rather than produce leaf.

Although sowing can be made directly into the growing position, it is better to sow into modules and pots and grow on for later transplanting.

Start sowing in April and repeat as needed until July. Sow little and often.

If sowing into modules, plants can be transplanted straight from the container, if sowing in seed trays or pots, prick out into larger modules first.

Harden plants before transplanting.

Plant out as soon as the weather permits, providing cloche cover if necessary.

Growing & General Cultivation

Keep well-watered during hot weather, endive will not appreciate drought conditions. Mulch the crop to help retain moisture.

Ensure the crop is kept weed-free and take care when hoeing not to damage the developing roots.

If the ground has been previously well-manured, further feeding should not be necessary.

The broad-leaved or escarole varieties are more hardy and will crop into the winter.

Pests & Diseases

Slugs and Snails can be a problem for young plants - for remedies - see the product directory.

Diseases such as Downy mildew which shows as yellow patches on foliage and affected leaves should be removed. To prevent, ensure good air circulation and low humidity.

Botrytis can result in humid conditions, especially during autumn. Try to keep foliage well-ventilated and dry.

Harvesting

Cover the endive with a bucket or other container a week or two before harvest to blanch the crop. This will result in paler, less bitter-tasting leaves and is well worth the effort.

Harvest leaves fresh with a sharp knife or scissors as required.

Harvest whole heads or individual leaves.